EU Enlargement

The existing European Union comprises of 15 countries namely Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

1st May 2004 marks an extraordinary achievement for the European Union with the accession of 10 new member countries i.e. Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.  The new Member States will share the European values and contribute to the enlarged EU economic prosperity. They will benefit from the European model of integration, aiming at harnessing economic forces to achieve peace, stability and prosperity.

In trade matters, the EU is a leading power because it is united and speaks with one voice. With enlargement, this single voice will represent ten additional countries.   After 1 May, the enlarged EU will be a larger internal market, and based on a single set of trade rules and an open economy. This will not just benefit the new member states, but it will also constitute an excellent opportunity for all third country partners, which will gain facilitated access to the new member states, through either free trade agreements, benefits of the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) benefits, or tariffs which are generally significantly lower under the Common Commercial Policy than in the acceding countries. The enlarged EU will gain in economic importance with third countries and hence in influence.

There are also three candidate countries for accession which are not joining the EU on 1st May:

  1. Negotiations are continuing with Bulgaria and Romania. The EU Member States recalled at the Brussels European Council in December 2003 that the common objective of the Union of 25 is to welcome Bulgaria and Romania in January 2007 as members of the Union if they are ready.  

  2. The European Council will decide in December 2004 whether to open accession negotiations with Turkey

  3. Croatia has presented an application for EU membership on 21 February 2003. On 20 April 2004, the Commission issued a favourable recommendation on Croatia's application, which it will transmit to the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament. 

Third countries will fully benefit from enlargement

·    An even larger market than before

With a population of almost 455 million and a GDP of around €9231 billion, the enlarged EU will account for some 19% of world trade and be the source of 46% of world outward FDI and host to 24% of inward FDI.

The current European Union is already the largest single market in the world. There are no internal borders between the Member States and the harmonisation of regulations and standards ensures a freer circulation of goods and services than is possible within some countries. Enlargement will extend these characteristics to the acceding countries.

Third countries will benefit from an increased single market, and a simplified and enhanced access to the current acceding countries’ markets.

For textiles, the increased quotas will apply only until the end of the year, after which all quotas on imports from WTO members will cease to exist with the expiry of the WTO Multi-fiber Arrangements on 1 January 2005.

·    A single set of rules for business

Enlargement will extend the EU’s trade policy regime to the acceding countries. The current system, featuring a single trade regime for the EU and a different regime for each of the candidates, will disappear. A single set of trade rules, a single tariff, and a single set of administrative procedures will apply not just across the existing fifteen member states but across the enlarged Union of twenty-five. This will greatly simplify the dealings that third country operators have within Europe.

Beyond the simplification of procedures, enlargement will bring a range of immediate and tangible economic benefits to third countries. These will arise out of the acceding countries adopting the same open standard of treatment of third countries which the current EU applies.

·    A very open economy with a high standard of rules

For trade in goods the new member states will have to adopt the Community Common Customs Tariff (CCT) upon accession. The average weighted industrial tariffs of the acceding countries are in general higher than the 3.6% average for the EU. Thus, in most cases, third countries’ business will benefit from lower tariffs in their trade with new member states.

EU Basic Indicators 

Country

Land area, km2

2002

Average population (in 1000)
2001

Unemploy-ment rate
in %
2002

Inflation
rate
in %
2002

GDP per capita in PPS
2001

Exports of goods & service
In % of GDP
2001

Belgium

30 538

10 285

7.3

1.6

25 260

85

Czech Republic


78 866


10 283


7.3

1.4

13 700

71

Denmark

43 094

5 359

4.5

2.4

26 660

45

Germany

357 031

82 350

8.2

1.3

24 000

35

Estonia

45 227

1 364

9.1

3.6

9 240

91

Greece

131 957

10 582

10.3

3.9

15 020

23

Spain

505 124

40 266

11.4

3.6

19 510

30

France

549 087

  59 191

  8.7

  1.9p

  23 870

  28

Ireland

70 295

3 845e

4.4

4.7

27 360

98

Italy

301 338

57 075

9.1

2.6p

23 860

28

Cyprus

9 251

 762e

 5.3

 2.8

17 180p

47

Latvia

 64 589

2 355

12.9

2.0

7 750

45

Lithuania

 65 300

 3 478

13.1

0.4

8 960

50

Luxembourg

2 586

442

2.4

2.1

44 160p

152

Hungary

93 030

10 188e

5.6

5.2

12 250

61

Malta

316

 393

 7.5

 2.2

 :

 88

Netherlands

 35 518

 16 046

 2.6

 3.9p

 26 670

65

Austria

 83 858

 8 130

4.1

1.7

25 740

52

Poland

 312 685

38 638

20.0

1.9

 9 410

 28

Portugal

 91 916

10 299

5.0

3.7

16 059

31

Slovenia

 20 273

 1 992

 6.0

 7.5

 16 210

 60

Slovak Republic


49 035


5 397


19.4


3.3


11 200


73

Finland

 338 150

 5 188

 9.1

 2.0

24 170

40

Sweden

 449 974

 8 896

 4.9

 2.0

 23 700

 45

United Kingdom


244 101


60 004e


5.1